Aquatic Habitats

Fresh Water

MethodReferenceLicence Required
General
  • Biggs, J., Fox, G., Whitfield, M. and Williams,P., 1998.  A Guide to the Methods of the National Pond Survey.  Oxford Brookes Pond Action.
  • Williams P.J., Briggs, J., Barr, C.J., Cummins, C.P., Gillespie, M.K., Rich, T.C.G., Baker, A., Beaseley, J., Corfield, A., Dobson, D., Collin, A.S., Fox, G., Howard, D.C., Luursema, K., Rich, M., M., Samson, D., Scott, W.A., White, R. and Whitfield, M., 1998.  Lowland Pond Survey 1996: Final Report.  Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.
  • Howard, S., 2002.  PSYM Manual 2002:  A guide to monitoring the ecological quality of ponds and canals using PSYM.  Environment Agency Midlands Region.
  • Edited by Furse, M.T., Hering, D., Brabec, K., Buffagni, A., Sandin, L. and Verdonschot, P.F.M., 2006.  STAR (Standardisation of River Classifications) The Ecological Status of European RiversEvaluation and Intercalibration of Assessment Methods.
  • Williams, P., Biggs, J. Dodds, L., Whitfield, M., Corfield, A. and Fox, G., 1996. Biological techniques of still water quality assessment. Phase 1 Scoping Study.  Technical Report E7.  Environment Agency
  • Williams, P., Biggs, J., Whitfield, M., Corfield, A., Fox, G. and Adare, K., 1998. Biological techniques of still water quality assessment. Phase 2. Method development. Environment Agency R&D Technical Report E56.  Environment Agency.
  • Biggs, J., Williams, P. Whitfield, M., Fox, G. and Nicolet, P., 2000.  Biological techniques of still water quality assessment. Phase 3. Method development. Environment Agency R&D Technical Report E110. Environment Agency.
  • Raven, P.J., Holmes, N.T.H, Dawson, F.H. and Everard, M., 1998.  Quality assessment using River Habitat Survey data.
  • Mackereth, F.J.H., Heron, J. and Talling, J.F., 1989.  Water Analysis:  some Revised Methods for Limnologists
  • Environment Agency, 1997.  River Habitat Survey:  Field Guidance Manual.
  • National Rivers Authority, 1992.  River Corridor Surveys. Conservation Technical Handbook Number 1.
  • Holmes, N., Boon, P. and Rowell, T., 1999.  River vegetation communities:  Vegetation communities of British Rivers: a revised classification.  JNCC.
  • Furse M.T., Dawson F.H., Henville P., Irons G.P., Gunn R.J.M. and Winder, J.M., 1998. Countryside Survey 2000 Field Handbook Module 2: Survey of Freshwater Habitats.
No
Net sampling
  • National Rivers Authority, 1990. RIVPACS Field Sampling. Pond-net Sampling.
 
Water Quality
  • Edited by Wright, J.F., Sutcliffe, D.W. and Furse, M.T., 2000 Assessing the biological quality of fresh waters: RIVPACS and other techniques.  The Freshwater Biological Association.
 
Structure/ Morphology
  • Boon, P.J., Wilkinson, J. and Martin, J., 1998.  The application of SERCON (System for Evaluating Rivers for Conservation) to a selection of rivers in Britain.
  • Boon, P.J., Holmes, N.T.H. and Maitland, P.S., 1996. SERCON: System for Evaluating Rivers for Conservation; Version 1 Manual (Scottish Natural Heritage research, survey and monitoring report)
  • Furse, M.T., 2000.  The application of RIVPACS procedures in headwater streams – an extensive and important resource. In: Assessing the Biological Quality of Fresh Waters. RIVPACS and Other Techniques. Freshwater Biological Association.
  • Edited by Sykes, J.M,. Lane, A.M. and George, D.G., 1999.  The United Kingdom Environmental Change Network:  Protocols for Standard Measurements at Freshwater Sites.

RHS accreditation required for people undertaking EA contracts or submitting results to national database

SERCON training advised but not compulsory

 

Marine Habitats

MethodReferenceLicence Required
General
  • Joint Nature Conservation Agency.  Rocky Shore Survey Guidelines.
  • Hiscock, K. (ed), 1985.  Rocky Shore Survey and Monitoring Workshop,1–4 May 1984.  London, British Petroleum International.
  • Hawkins, S.J. and Jones, H.D., 1992.  Marine Field Course Guide 1: Rocky Shores.
  • Davies, J., Baxter, J., Bradley, M., Connor, D., Khan, J., Murray, E., Sanderson, W., Turnbull, C. and Vincent, M. (eds), 2001.  Marine Monitoring Handbook.  Joint Nature Conservation Committee, English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage, Environment & Heritage Services (DoE NI), Countryside Council for Wales, Scottish Association for Marine Science.
  • Howson, C.M., Connor, D.W. and Holt, R.H.F., 1994.  The Scottish Sealochs. An Account of Surveys Undertaken for the Marine Nature Conservation Review.  Joint Nature Conservation Committee
 
Vegetation communities
  • Rodwell, J.S., 2002. British plant communities: maritime communities and vegetation of open habitats.  Cambridge University Press.
 
General
  • Hiscock, K. (ed), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: Rationale and Methods SeriesJoint Nature Conservation Committee.
  • Davies J. et al. (eds), 2001.  Natura 2000: Marine Monitoring Handbook.  Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
  • Hiscock, K., 1998.  Biological monitoring of marine Special Areas of Conservation:  a review of methods for detecting change.  Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
  • Baker, J.M. & Wolff, W.J., 1987. Biological surveys of estuaries and coasts.  Cambridge University Press.
  • Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) www.marlin.ac.uk & www.marlin.ac.uk/biotic
  • Wynn, G. and Brazier, P., DATE.  Procedural Guidelines No. 3-1. In situ intertidal biotope recording.  Countryside Council for Wales.
  • Connor, D.W., Allen, J.H., Golding, N., Howell, K.L., Lieberknecht, L.M., Northen, K.O. and Reker, J.B., 2004.  The Marine Habitat Classification For Britain And Ireland Version 04.05 Introduction.
  • Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group, 2000.  UK National Marine Monitoring Programme: Green Book.  Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group, Aberdeen.
  • Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group, 1998.  National Monitoring Programme:  Survey of the Quality of UK Coastal Waters.  Marine Pollution Monitoring Management Group, Aberdeen.
  • Foster-Smith R.L. and Sotheran I.S., 2003.  AGDS Mapping marine benthic biotopes using acoustic ground discrimination systems.  Int Rem Sens, 24:2761-2784. Taylor and Francis Ltd
  • Marine Intertidal Phase I Mapping in Wales. www.ccw.gov.uk/english/current_research/intertidal/survey.htm
 
Acoustic Mapping 
Remote Sensing 
Benthic Monitoring
  • Wilding, T.A., Sayer, M.D.J. and Gibson, R.N.  Procedural Guidelines No. 4-1. Sampling benthic and demersal fish populations in subtidal rock habitats.  Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory.
  • Eleftheriou, A. and McIntyre, A., 2005.  Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos.